Ivumburwa rya polyurethane [PU] ryatangiye mu mwaka wa 1937 na Otto Bayer na bagenzi be muri laboratoire ya IG Farben i Leverkusen, mu Budage.Ibikorwa byambere byibanze ku bicuruzwa bya PU byakuwe muri alifatique diisocyanate na diamine ikora polyurea, kugeza igihe ibintu bishimishije bya PU byakuwe muri alifatique diisocyanate na glycol, byagaragaye.Polyisocyanates yabonetse mu bucuruzi mu mwaka wa 1952, nyuma gato y’ibicuruzwa by’ubucuruzi bya PU bibonetse (nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose) bivuye kuri toluene diisocyanate (TDI) na polyester polyole.Mu myaka yakurikiyeho (1952-1954), sisitemu zitandukanye za polyester-polyisocyanate zakozwe na Bayer.
Polyester polyole yagiye isimburwa buhoro buhoro polyole bitewe nibyiza byabo byinshi nkigiciro gito, koroshya imikoreshereze, hamwe na hydrolytike ituje kurenza iyambere.Poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), yatangijwe na DuPont mu 1956 na polymerizing tetrahydrofuran, nka polyeri ya mbere iboneka mu bucuruzi.Nyuma, mu 1957, BASF na Dow Chemical bakoze glyalkol ya polyalkylene.Hashingiwe kuri PTMG na 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), na diamine ya Ethylene, fibre ya Spandex yitwa Lycra yakozwe na Dupont.Hamwe na dedecades, PU yarangije impamyabumenyi ya PU yoroheje (1960) kugeza kuri PU ifatika (polyisocyanurate foams-1967) nkibikoresho byinshi bihuha, polyether polyol, na polymeric isocyanate nka poly methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) iraboneka.Izi PMI zishingiye kuri PMU zerekanaga neza ubushyuhe bwumuriro no kutagira umuriro.
Mu 1969, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya PU Reaction Injection Molding [PU RIM] ryarushijeho gutera imbere muri Reinforced Reaction Injection Molding [RRIM] ritanga ibikoresho byiza bya PU ku buryo mu 1983 byatanze imodoka ya mbere y’umubiri wa pulasitike muri Amerika.Mu myaka ya za 90, kubera ubukangurambaga bugenda bwiyongera ku kaga ko gukoresha chloro-alkane nk'ibikoresho bihuha (protocole ya Montreal, 1987), ibindi bintu byinshi byavuzaga isoko ku isoko (urugero, dioxyde de carbone, pentane, 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3,3- pentafluoropropane).Muri icyo gihe, paki ebyiri PU, PU- polyurea spray coating coating yaje gukoreshwa mbere, ibyo bikaba byari bifite inyungu zikomeye zo kutumva neza nubushuhe bwihuse.Noneho havutse ingamba zo gukoresha amavuta yimboga ashingiye kuri polyoli kugirango iterambere rya PU.Uyu munsi, isi ya PU igeze kure ivuye muri Hybride ya PU, PU ikora, itari isocyanate PU, hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye mubice byinshi bitandukanye.Inyungu muri PU zavutse bitewe na synthèse yoroshye hamwe na protocole ya progaramu, ibintu byoroshye (bike) byibanze byibanze hamwe nibintu byiza byibicuruzwa byanyuma.Ibice bikomeza bitanga ibisobanuro bigufi byibikoresho bisabwa muri synthesis ya PU kimwe na chimie rusange igira uruhare mukubyara PU.
Itangazo: Ingingo yavuzwe © 2012 Sharmin na Zafar, uruhushya rwa InTech.Gusa kubitumanaho no kwiga, ntugakore izindi ntego zubucuruzi, ntabwo uhagarariye ibitekerezo nibitekerezo byisosiyete, niba ukeneye gusubiramo, nyamuneka hamagara umwanditsi wambere, niba hari ihohoterwa, nyamuneka twandikire ako kanya kugirango dusibe gutunganya.